Clip ‘n’ Save: Why are we in Afghanistan?

From plastic back to oil

Akinori Ito has invented an amazingly simple (and small, and inexpensive to operate) machine that recycles plastic safely back into the oil from whence it came. In Japan there isn’t a lot of space to spare, much less for garbage dumps. And Japan has no native oil deposits either, so any petroleum — for plastic, fuel and chemicals — must be imported. For those reasons, recycling is a much higher priority there than it is here. Ito’s machine can be used anywhere there is electricity, and converts one kilo of plastic into approximately one litre of oil, using one kilowatt-hour of electricity. I’ve often wished there were some means of disposing safely of all the plastic that gets thrown out along the roadsides where I live, so this machine sounds like something I’d definitely use if it ever became available here. And with tar-sands pollution and the dangers of massive pipelines becoming a greater menace every day, it seems like a much better idea all around.

Short ‘n’ Stubby: Ms. Manx takes on oil spills

calico-manx

Listen! Do you hear that loud and urgent meowing? It means Ms. Manx is back from a longer than usual hiatus with her latest catch. No, not mice. She’s got links to share. And this time, the Stumpy Cat has come back with sticky black goo on her paws. She’s going to need help getting that off! Good thing I’ve got some Dawn dish soap, eh kitty?

And it’s a good thing these beavers in Utah got rescued by some kind wildlife folks who also stock up on the stuff just in case. Can you believe they built a dam that helped contain the diesel oil spill? That’s what beavers do best. They do a better job building dams than the humans do building pipelines, says Ms. Manx, cattily.

And while we’re on the subject of humans who build crappy pipelines, ExxonMobil just got off on the most technical of technicalities. The Stumpy Cat thinks that’s not right. She also thinks that if they won’t pay into a cleanup fund, why, they should just pay for the clean-up all on their own, which will cost them a lot more. And which, frankly, they can afford to pay…and indeed, DESERVE to pay.

And speaking of those who deserve to pay, our cyberkitty would also like to draw your attention to the Canadian Imperialist Bank of Commerce. These wanking banksters, unlike the average Canadian, stand to gain from the building of a tar sands pipeline. And they’re whining and boohoo-ing about how much they’re losing every day that that pipeline isn’t being built and its bituminous contents aren’t being spilt. It all sounds very impressive and persuasive…until you realize that they just pulled those numbers out of the same orifice banksters usually pull their projections from.

BTW, for those who are trying to keep track of all the oil spills from this week alone, they are:

One in White River, Ontario;

One in St.-Jerôme, Québec;

and of course, the no-fly zone that is Mayflower, Arkansas. Guess that shocking aerial footage was getting in the way of Exxon getting off easy, eh?

And finally, Ms Manx really likes this Lee Camp dude, who sums up the problem with oil pipelines so succinctly:

The elephant in the burned cabin

Today, a friend posted this article from Jacobin on his Facebook wall. It’s an analysis of the Christopher Dorner case that the media have been screaming about all week. I wanted to like it; it was well and gracefully written, and makes a number of good points. The essayist in me admired it. But there was something missing in it, or rather, something present in it that was going unaddressed, like the elephant in the proverbial living room.

No one seems to have seriously considered giving in to Dorner’s one demand: that the record be set straight by releasing all of the documents related to his disciplinary hearings, and clearing his name from the prior disciplinary actions against him. He pledged to end his warfare if the LAPD would do so. Considering his apparent death last night, one wonders if that life could have been saved at the price of the department’s momentary embarrassment. “A man is nothing without his name,” repeats Dorner.

Dorner’s reaction is partly rooted in a corrosive version of American masculinity — his response to institutional corruption is uniquely Jack Bauer and John Wayne. Gratuitous violence included. Dorner is a wholesale product of a society gone mad on racism and war, of a state that aggressively punishes dissent, of an intellectual milieu where telling the truth has become a dangerous act. There was no internal institutional outlet for him to address injustices against him: the blue line prevented that.

So I set off to ponder it — or rather, I futzed around and stewed. And while I was futzing around, I found this other article on Counterpunch that came a little closer to the elephant. But it, too, disappointed me. And I couldn’t figure out why.

In the years between the murder of Oscar Grant and Dorner’s last stand, March of 2009 to be specific, we were among those observing the case of Lovelle Mixon in Oakland, a parolee who decided he was not going to return to prison, opening fire on police at a traffic stop, killing two. Police went in to execute Mixon, not expecting that he would be holding an SKS. Two more cops died as a result. The logic of Dorner’s desperation, and the chain of events that led to his ultimate death, parallels Mixon’s; proud men without hope, cornered, deciding to go out fighting.

Neither man was a self-understood revolutionary and it would be inaccurate (or perhaps too accurate a reflection of the dearth of revolutionary activity in contemporary society) to try and declare otherwise. However, the material conditions that produced Dorner, as with Mixon, are not uncommon. The meaning and the effects of their actions speak volumes about the depth of racialization, criminalization and hopelessness in Obama’s supposed “post-racial” America.

It isn’t unique to the United States; Canada and the UK have had their share of such killers too, albeit fewer in proportion to the general population. It isn’t limited to whites; the Virginia Tech murders proved that much. Asian men are less likely to do it, but they are every bit as capable of “snapping” when societal prejudices and their own personal problems overwhelm them. The same is true of black men, like Christopher Dorner. The color lines are there, and they matter. They are not an insignificant factor in the social injustices that drive some men to become spree shooters, before committing suicide (or suicide by cop, as the case may be.) But the racial prejudice against non-whites was not the only factor.

And yeah, the cop shop is a brutally authoritarian place. Same old story just about everywhere. The nail that sticks up will get hammered down by a fist of blue. That, too, is significant, but it doesn’t tell the whole story. Conformity, especially in uniform, is a major problem of the so-called police state. But that, too, is not the thing that stood out for me.

Finally, it hit me: This rampage-killing thing is a man’s game. That’s the elephant. How many female spree killers have you heard of? Offhand, I only know of one, and her own father (who sexually abused her) gave her the gun that she used to take pot-shots at the school across the street. So the exception still proves the rule: Brenda Ann Spencer, though female (and gay), was very much the product of a male-dominated culture. Her father had no son, and undoubtedly saw his daughter as a weak vessel, a sex object by dint of merely owning a vagina, and so fair game for abuse. But at the same time, in his sick way, he tried to turn her into the son he did not have, so as to fulfill his masculine duty. And his way of doing so was to give her the phallic weapon, the ersatz penis, that the far right always simplistically holds up as the “great equalizer” of the sexes, not to mention of races, and of social classes: He gave her a gun.

And if you think I’m out of line bringing gender into the narrative, I’ll just leave this here:

bushmaster-man-card

I don’t think the gender connection could be any more explicit than that.

Now, back to the passages I excerpted from the two articles. I chose them so you could see the elephant, and how it was simultaneously hinted at and erased from the picture. The use of the words man, men, and masculinity should be the tip-off. Gun violence is a man’s game. To go out with a bang — or in the case of Christopher Dorner, a conflagration started by projectiles fired from a special gun — is a masculist death if ever there was one. Few women dream of going out in a blaze of “glory”, much less set out to actually accomplish it. (And those few who do, often end badly; think of Nancy Lanza, shot to death with her own gun, by her own son. Whom she had taught to shoot, perhaps in an effort to instill some semblance of socially acceptable masculinity into the slender, autistic young man.)

Little wonder, then, that the totality of the anti-authoritarian “Go Dorner” memes clogging my own Facebook feed were from male friends. And not just from any male friends, but specifically from those with left-libertarian/anarchist tendencies. My liberal, socialist and communist friends, male and female alike, refrained from posting such memes. None of them saw the sense in glorifying a troubled man, much less one who, to paraphrase Audre Lorde, reached for the master’s tools to destroy the master’s house and ironically ended up being burned to death in it himself. Interestingly, both of the articles I cited mentioned fire in the final line. The Jacobin article ends thus:

In Dorner’s case, the allegory of life to a furnace takes literal weight — he has died, consumed by fire. The police will celebrate, the chorus will quiet, the lives of his victims mourned. It is unlikely that the fire that burned away Dorner will burn away any illusion: this is unfortunate, and disturbing. His allegations will be dismissed as the rantings of a lunatic, things will return to normal. Until the fire, next time.

And the Counterpunch one, thus:

Dorner was not a radical, but his short war was not simply the story of broken man or of individualistic vengeance. The issues of brutality and racism perpetually covered up by a corrupt police department created the insurgent Dorner and resonated with many people who endure the reality of urban policing on a daily basis. The sympathy and the support Dorner received is a clear indicator of the very real and deep structural inequalities that helped forge the path of Dorner’s life and his fiery death. The great radical historian Mike Davis concluded a recent article on Dorner with a peculiar question: “Does anyone cheer Dorner?” What is peculiar is that, for better or worse, there’s no denying that the answer is “yes.”

There’s no telling what sort of a fire they could start tomorrow.

Interesting use of imagery, no? And that brings me to another aspect of the elephant.

There is a very specific kind of man who just wants to see the state burn. He isn’t confined to the right, although he’s easier to spot over there. He tends to look like a nutcase, talk like a nutcase, and act like one over there. He styles himself as a survivalist, a doomsday cultist, a “prepper”. To him, Waco and Ruby Ridge represent the ultimate evil of the democratic state. And if he’s a US-American, he talks a great deal about the Second Amendment and how it is the “solution” to that “socialist” black man in charge. Never mind that Barack Obama is obviously no socialist; whatever he actually stands for or does not, he represents all that is alien and threatening to the right-wing white man who thinks the world is his by right. The misapplied term is shorthand for anything and everything the right wing opposes. It is as laughably divorced from meaning as the right-winger is from reality.

But in the anarchist quadrant of the leftist spectrum, the “smash the state” guy looks a bit different. He’s generally more thoughtful than his right-wing nutjob cousin, and thus less apt to tote a gun, but he still has a taste for the Molotov cocktail. He’s cerebral, rather than overtly phallic-obsessive. And he can be just as much of a male chauvinist, too, in his own right. He’s a great one for theory, this guy. He reads voraciously; it’s not ironic, in his eyes, to decry the recent firebombing of an anarchist bookstore in London. If he’s conspiracy-minded (and a great many left-anarchists are), he may even see in that the effort of the all-powerful and all-evil state to smash the “little man”. (I use the term advisedly, as you may have guessed.) To him, the burning of Freedom Books has its obvious parallel to the incineration of Chris Dorner. Never mind the irony that the police and fire department were the ones to help salvage the burned bookstore.

But the state is not the real problem. It is not some ahuman, alien entity that will invariably crush the Little Man’s balls, regardless of how much the left-anarchist bomb-thrower may sing from the same facile hymnal as the right-libertarian gun nut on the issue.

All the state is, in the final analysis, is the sum of the people who comprise it. It is up to the people to decide how it operates, and what they will and will not allow it to do on their behalf. And while corruption goes with power-over, mere overthrow of those in charge will not result in freedom overnight. Did the recent uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa not prove as much? The same Egyptians who demonstrated agaist Mubarak are now mobilizing once more against Morsi. They do not want NO government; they want a democratic government that upholds human rights, equality and dignity for all.

If the arc of history is long, and bends toward justice, it stands to reason that a quick, violent revolution, resulting in a leaderless and stateless world, is not the answer to the current global malaise. The just society, in the end, looks much like the democratic socialist vision, in which women are equal to men, and color and nationality are not the caste-marks of an unwritten hierarchy either. The state’s job is to protect the just society. As long as that much is clear, and remembered, the rest will flow from it.

Here in Canada, we have our Charter of Rights and Freedoms; an organ of the state, yes, and one that enables women to agitate successfully for reproductive rights and pay equity, First Nations for the protection of their lands, gays for the right to marry and adopt children, and minorities to take racists before human-rights tribunals. All progressive movements here are grounded in it in one way or another, even if they don’t know it. While it takes a regular beating at the hands of election-stealing wingnuts, it’s still there, and it forms the basis of our laws, even though the right-wing gun nuts and “libertarians” here may gnash their teeth over how it keeps them from ruling the country in their own phallocentric, white, Christian male image. Their “freedom” is the privilege to oppress anyone they regard as inferior; our freedom (note the absence of quotes) is the constitutional right to throw off their hegemony.

And while racism and police brutality are the privileges of a few, gender oppression is the reality of half the human race. To erase it from analysis, to dismiss it as unimportant, to sneer at feminist analysis, is to alienate half of the potential revolutionary force that will remake society peacefully and progressively. That is the elephant in the burning cabin. One can be blind to all but the ear, or the trunk, or the tail that is in one’s immediate grasp, but if we are to confront the elephant properly, we have to take it all of a piece or not at all.

The truth about Attawapiskat

The People of the Kattawapiskak River by Alanis Obomsawin, National Film Board of Canada

A Cree filmmaker takes us inside the lives of her brothers and sisters in Attawapiskat, Ontario. If what you see here doesn’t leave you outraged at the lies in the right-wing media and the numbskulls in Ottawa who dare to put the town under “third party management” (euphemism for a bean-counting hack who tells the SupposiTories just what they want to hear), then you probably don’t have a pulse, and you’ve probably got shit where your brains ought to be.

Clip ‘n’ Save: Who’s sponging from whom?

Indian woman brutally gang-raped. Where are the media???

idle-no-more

Breaking: A few days ago, an Indian woman was gang-raped, beaten, and left to die by thugs. So far, this hasn’t made the news in any major venue. But, you say, doesn’t India have a rape problem? And aren’t there huge mass demonstrations against it? Yes, that’s right. But this isn’t India. And this woman isn’t THAT kind of Indian:

“There was a woman, who was taken by two non-native guys, raped and left for dead,” stated Chief Peter Collins, the Chief of Fort William First Nation. Collins says “It is a hate crime against our community”.

In a media statement issued today, Idle No More states, “On Thursday evening Angela Smith (not her real name to protect her identity) was walking to a store in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Two Caucasian men pulled their car up along side her as she walked on the sidewalk and began issuing racial slurs while throwing items at her from the car. When she continued to walk, the car stopped and the passenger of the vehicle got out of the car and grabbed the woman by her hair and forced her into the back of the car where she was held her down in the back seat by one of them and driven out of the city.

“They drove her to a surrounding wooded area where they brutally sexually assaulted, strangled and beat her. During the attack they told her it wasn’t the first time they had committed this type of crime and added, ‘it wouldn’t be the last’. They also told her ‘You Indians deserve to lose your treaty rights’. Making a reference to the current peaceful protests being undertaken by First Nations in Thunder Bay and throughout the country under the banner of Idle No More”.

Thankfully, unlike her counterpart in India, this woman is still alive, conscious, and talking about it:

Left for dead in the wooded area, ‘Angela’ managed to walk for four to five hours back to her home, where police were called. She was taken by ambulance to the hospital and the crime is currently under investigation.

Speaking from her home in Thunder Bay on Friday, ‘Angela’ said, “The only thought that came to my mind were my children. I thought I would never see them again.”

She said she also wanted to get the information out to community members in Thunder Bay, “It’s a cruel world out there and right now with the First Nations trying to fight this Bill (Bill C-45) everyone should be looking over their shoulder constantly because there are a lot of racists out there and to be careful.”

Yeah, John Fucking Baird, go right ahead and reject what Amnesty International is saying about us. Who the hell cares what you think? It’s all too true. Canada has nothing to boast about on any front right now. Canada has a racism problem. Canada has a sexism problem. Canada has a RAPE problem. None of these problems have been resolved, so there can be no “moving on”.

And all these human rights abuses are the “proud” legacy of conservatism. You know, the doctrine of white male Christian capitalist supremacy? Where one relatively small group of people goes around telling all the rest what to do…and if the Others don’t obey, they rape, beat and kill them with virtual impunity.

Now, I’m not Native. My parents are German immigrants. I’m a first-generation Canadian. I suppose I should, by the lights of our lovely SupposiTories, just wash my hands of all this and make like it’s not my problem.

But it IS my problem.

Because I am a woman. Because I too have to watch my back, constantly. From the moment I hit puberty, when I was 10 years old, I had to be on guard against prying eyes, groping hands, and worse. I had to face bullies who couched their threats of violence in graphically sexual terms. I have no doubt that at least some of them, if they felt they could get away with it, would have carried out all their threats and then some.

And while I didn’t know it at the time, it was only the fact that I was white that saved my skin. White girls and women have the narrowest margin of safety over their aboriginal sisters in this regard. We get harassed and molested, and sometimes raped. THEY get beaten, raped and killed. And they get that all the time, and nobody from the media seems to ever say boo.

And the reason all this happens is because there’s this age-old mentality that the “Indian” must be killed. Residential schools were built on the belief that it was necessary to “kill the Indian in the child”, so that all these pesky indigenous peoples, with their quaint belief in the sanctity of nature and the land, would not get in the way of capitalism when the settlers took over what had previously been owned by no one, and home to all. They could not be allowed to speak their own languages, practice their own customs, or worship their ancestral deities and spirits. They were stripped of everything, even the hair on their heads; one of the first things that happened to Native children when they were incarcerated in residential schools was that they would have their braids cut off. After all, that long hair was symbolic of the entire culture that they were meant to abandon. Whitey had to show ‘em who was boss, right off the bat. What “better” — more traumatizing, more scarifying — way to do it than to just hack off their hair?

Well, I suppose it was a little bit more humane than smallpox-infested blankets. But still.

When I think of that, and then look at the Native people around me — and I live not far from the Alderville reserve — I’m amazed that there is anything left of the old ways at all. But like the last remnants of the tallgrass prairie here in Ontario, they still stubbornly survive. It isn’t much, but somehow it’s enough to keep going on.

And now, with Idle No More on the rise — and not only among Natives — it’s obvious that the days of conciliation and accommodation are over. And I’m glad of that. I don’t like seeing people being forced to accept oppression in any way, shape or form. I was bullied as a kid, so I have an idea of how that feels. I know what it means to wish you could fight back, if only you weren’t so alone. I’m glad when I see the victims of bullying band together, turn around, and fight back.

And they ARE fighting back. They are fighting back in a big, albeit peaceful, way.

The other day, the CN rail lines between Toronto and Montréal were blockaded. I only knew it was over when I looked out the window and saw the first VIA trains moving again. It takes a LOT of people power to block off a major rail line like CN, and in such a busy corridor. They must have inconvenienced hundreds of holiday travelers, who only wanted to carry on their New Year’s revelry uninterrupted. But they made their point, and then let them go on. No one was hurt or harmed; they just had to cool their heels for a few hours.

And, let’s face it, the mere discomfiture of some privileged white folks is nothing compared to what the Natives have suffered for these past four centuries here. It is nothing compared to what the woman who survived that racist rape has suffered. It is nothing compared to what happened to the Native women kidnapped and killed by Robert Pickton, or those who disappeared off the Highway of Tears. It is nothing compared to what has gone on for literal years out on the Prairies, where an intoxicated Indian of either sex can get dragged off the streets of Saskatoon by the local police, taken to some remote place beyond the outskirts, and simply left to die of exposure.

This all has happened, and not long ago, either. For all I know, it could still be going on. Police racism is a fact in Canada. It is what kept the Highway of Tears from being properly policed, and the Downtown East Side of Vancouver. It was what sent Donald Marshall to jail for more than a decade for a murder which had been committed by a white man named Roy Ebsary. The cops who put him away were blatantly racist; their attitude was that the only good Indian was a dead Indian. Sending him to the penitentiary was as good as a death sentence, since that sort of thing has a terrible effect on the mind of an innocent person. Donald Marshall was never the same again.

One might say that they sent him off to residential school.

One might say similar things about the as-yet-unnamed thugs who assaulted this Native woman, and all the others like her.

And one really ought to say the same about our Conservative politicians, who are currently trying their hardest to ignore a Native woman to death.

Well, if Chief Theresa Spence dies, there will be no end of uproar. They will not have killed the pesky Injun in anyone. They will have awakened that person in all of us, and not only those of indigenous descent. We will ALL be Indians on that day.

And good fucking luck trying to ignore THAT.

PS: This just in…the Grope & Flail has covered the story. And who got them to do it? My friend Brenda. Verbatim, from her Facebook page: “I am pleased to report that The Globe and Mail’s national editors kept their word. First thing this morning, I emailed them (in my capacity as a publicist) to ask them to please cover this very important story – and included all of the details I had gathered. The article was just published online 20 minutes ago – and should be in your morning newspaper tomorrow. Yes!”

Worst. Symbolism. EVER.

ironic-coat-hanger

If this were meant to be some kind of ironic statement, I’d laugh. Sadly, it looks like it’s all too real. And it’s clear that the dry-cleaning establishment in question has no sense of gynecology, history OR irony, seeing as the chemicals they use can cause miscarriage in some pregnant women.

Don’t back down, Justin!

What’s wrong with what Justin Trudeau said here?

I’ll give you a broad hint: ABSOLUTELY NOTHING. En effet, c’est tout correct:

The remarks in question come from an interview Trudeau did in Nov. 2010, with French-language interviewer Patrick Lagace, on a Tele-Quebec show called Les francs-tireurs.

He was explaining why he believed that Quebec would be stronger within Canada — stronger than it would be in fighting to be a separate country. But to make that point, he slammed Alberta’s dominance of the current Conservative government.

“Canada isn’t doing well right now because it’s Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda. It doesn’t work,” Trudeau said.

When Lagace asked whether Trudeau believed Canada was better off “when there are more Quebecers in charge than Albertans,” Trudeau replied in the affirmative.

“I’m a Liberal, so of course I think so, yes. Certainly when we look at the great prime ministers of the 20th century, those that really stood the test of time, they were MPs from Quebec … This country — Canada — it belongs to us.”

But of course, the usual suspects are getting their boxers in a bunch over it:

For Conservatives, the remarks presented a golden opportunity to cast Trudeau in the same frame as his father, former prime minister Pierre Trudeau.

“This is the worst kind of divisiveness, the worst kind of arrogance of the Liberal Party and it brings back for many Westerners the kind of arrogance of the national energy program which of course devastated the Western economy,” Citizenship and Immigration Minister Jason Kenney told reporters.

Oh, Jason. You lying little worm.

After the Alberta Progressive Conservatives were first elected in 1971, Premier Peter Lougheed embarked on a decade-long campaign to have more provincial influence in federal decision-making, while resisting what he saw as infringement by Ottawa on Alberta’s rights.

That culminated in October 1980, when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau introduced the National Energy Program, following a deadlock in negotiations with Alberta over an energy-pricing agreement and without consulting the oil industry.

The NEP sought more federal control over the energy industry. The program had three main goals: increase the federal share of energy revenues, boost Canadian ownership in the oil industry, and make Canada self-sufficient as an oil producer.

The Trudeau government also introduced a tax to fund Ottawa’s energy company Petro-Canada, and gave grants to Canadian-owned companies to encourage exploration.

The NEP triggered an outcry, not only in Alberta but in the U.S., where American-based energy companies accused the Trudeau government of nationalization and killing investment in the industry.

Lougheed vowed to take the NEP to court. Trudeau, surprisingly to some observers, told the House of Commons that Lougheed was taking a “reasonable and rational approach.” Some pundits suggested that seemingly calm reaction stemmed from Trudeau’s confidence that the courts would inevitably side with Ottawa in finding the federal government had the authority to intervene in the industry.

Trudeau wasn’t so conciliatory when Lougheed also retaliated by cutting provincial oil production, vowing to shrink the industry to about 85 per cent of its capacity.

In reaction to the NEP, foreign companies began selling off energy assets in Canada, which eliminated many jobs, particularly in Alberta. Thousands of Albertans were unable to pay mortgages and the real estate market crashed.

But yeah. Go right ahead and blame the NEP, not the arch-conservative assholes in charge of Alberta and Big FOREIGN Oil. After all, they’re pulling your puppet strings, and Harpo’s too. And he’s not even from there — he is a born and bred Torontonian!

If there is anything Justin Trudeau needs to back down on, it is THIS:

Justin Trudeau has come out strongly in favour of a Chinese state-owned energy company’s effort to purchase Calgary-based petroleum producer Nexen.

Trudeau made the comments in an opinion column published in some Postmedia newspapers and websites Tuesday, arguing that China’s objectives are not “sinister” and that Canada is in an enviable position for engaging the Asian power.

“China has a game plan,” the Liberal leadership contender wrote. “There is nothing inherently sinister about that. They have needs and the world has resources to meet those needs.

“We Canadians have more of those resources — and therefore more leverage — than any nation on Earth.”

…because Pierre Elliott Trudeau would not stand for that. He had more brains and guts than that.

And if Justin truly wants to be his father’s son, he should start by not letting the SupporiTories cut off his ‘nads.

The Koch Bros are getting desperate, I see.

When they have to take out ads for crapaganda sites like this, you know that Big Oil’s corrupting influence barons are running scared. And is that a tip of the hand as to which side of the recent election they were supporting? Betcha.